See -ēn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ēn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-āną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-āną, by extending the suffix alternant -ai- throughout all forms, analogous to the second weak class.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ēn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"id": "en--ēn-gmw-pro-suffix-zo9PAbF4",
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates stative or factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ēn-gmw-pro-suffix-WD7OzEe1",
"links": [
[
"stative",
"stative#English"
],
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verb-forming suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ēn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-āną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-āną, by extending the suffix alternant -ai- throughout all forms, analogous to the second weak class.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ēn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Creates stative or factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"stative",
"stative#English"
],
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ēn meaning in All languages combined (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.